Melasma vs sun spots: why the approach is different
Both look like brown patches, but they behave differently. Sun spots are usually small and defined; melasma tends to show up as larger, symmetrical patches on the cheeks, forehead or upper lip and is influenced by hormones and heat as well as sun.
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That distinction matters because melasma can be easy to re-darken: visible light and heat may aggravate it, and irritation from an overly aggressive routine can leave marks looking worse. A daily, generously applied broad-spectrum SPF 50+ is the baseline; a tinted formula with iron oxides can add protection against visible light. Reapply outdoors, and use a hat or shade too.
For either concern, gentle skincare is a safer starting point than stacking strong acids or scrubs. Azelaic acid or niacinamide may help the appearance of uneven tone over time, but neither can confirm what the patches are. Sun spots, melasma, and post-acne marks can overlap in appearance; a dermatologist can identify the pattern and discuss prescription options when appropriate. Don’t try to fade a changing or unusual spot at home—get it checked.